আলেকজান্ডারের কেমন শিক্ষক ছিলেন অ্যারিস্টেটল ?

অ্যারিস্টটলের কাছে শিক্ষায় মগ্ন আলেকজান্ডার
 
 
পারভেজ সেলিম।।

(আগের কিস্তির পর….)
 
আলেকজান্ডার হচ্ছেন পৃথিবীরইতিহাসের সবচেয়ে প্রভাবশালী যোদ্ধা। মাত্র ৩২ বছর বয়সে যিনি পৃথিবীর অর্ধেকটাই দখল করে ফেলেছিল। গ্রিস থেকে ভারতের পাঞ্জাব দখলে তিনি একটি যুদ্ধেও হারেনি। ইতিহাসের এই পরাক্রমশালী যোদ্ধার কথা মানুষ দুই হাজার বছর পরও মনে রেখেছে। সবাই তাকে চেনে আলেকজান্ডার, আলেকজান্ডার দ্যা গ্রেট নামে ।
 
কিন্তু কিভাবে এত অল্প বয়সের একজন তরুণ এত বিশাল সম্রাজ্য জয় করলো ? কত শক্তিশালী ছিল তার সেনাবাহিনী? অথবা ব্যক্তি আলেকজেন্ডার কি উভয়কামি ছিলেন ? কিভাবে মৃত্যু হলো আলেকজান্ডারের বিষে নাকি ম্যালেরিয়ায় ? আলেকজেন্ডার কি সত্যিই মহান যোদ্ধা ছিলেন নাকি ছিলেন একজন দুর্ধর্ষ খুনি?
 
পুরো ধারাবাহিক জুড়ে আমার এরকম আরো নানা প্রশ্নের উত্তর খুঁজব। নজর দেবো আলেকজান্ডারের জন্ম, মৃত্যু, শিক্ষা, প্রেম এবং যুদ্ধসহ গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ঘটনাগুলোর দিকে। আজ দ্বিতীয় কিস্তিতে নজর দেয়া যাক তার শিক্ষার দিকে ।

পর্ব: ০২

 
শিক্ষা : অ্যারিস্টেটল যার  শিক্ষক !
 
এথেন্সের অ্যারিষ্টটল ছিলেন দুনিয়ার একজন শ্রেষ্ট শিক্ষক এবং দার্শনিকআলেকজেন্ডারের যখন ১৩ বছর বয়স তখন শিক্ষক হিসেবে অথেন্স থেকে মেসিডোনিয়ায় আনা হয় জ্ঞানী অ্যারিস্টটলকে !! কিন্তু কি কি শিক্ষা দিতেন অ্যারিস্টটল?
 
রাজনীতি, শরীরবিদ্যা, যুদ্ধবিদ্যা, বিজ্ঞান, ইতিহাস, চিকিৎসাবিদ্যা, দর্শণ সহ সকল বিষয়ে কিশোর আলেকজান্ডারকে শিক্ষা দিয়েছেন অ্যারিস্টেটল তবে সবচেয়ে বেশি পড়িয়েছেন হোমারের সাহিত্যহোমারের  বিখ্যাত মহাকাব্য ইলিয়াডের প্রধান চরিত্র আর্কিলিসকে তার মগজে ঢুকিয়ে দিয়েছিল অ্যারিস্টেটল নিজেকে আর্কিলিসের মত মহান যোদ্ধা হয়ে ওঠার শিক্ষা দিয়েছিলেন তিনি !!
 
ছোট আলেকজেন্ডারের মনে প্রশ্ন ছিল জয় করার কিছুই তো বাকি রাখেনি তার বাবা, গোটা গ্রিসই তো ইতিমধ্যে জয় করে ফেলেছে পিতা ফিলিপ। তাহলে সে বড় হয়ে কি জয় করবে ? অ্যারিস্টটল ছোট আলেকজান্ডারকে শেখাতেন, বাবা তো শুধু গ্রিস জয় করেছে বাকি বিশ্বটাই তো এখনও বাকি পড়ে আছে জয় করার জন্যঅনুমান করা যায় কিশোর আলেকজান্ডারের মনে পুরো বিশ্বকে দখল করার বাসনা অ্যারিস্টটল ঢুকিয়ে দিয়েছিলেন !!
 
তবেআলেকজান্ডারের বিশ্ব জয়ের পিছনে তার মায়ের উচ্চাকাঙ্খা কাজ করেছে বলে মনে করেন অনেকে। মা অলিম্পিয়াস সবসময় তাকে ছোট্ট আর্কিলিস বলে ডাকতেন হোমারের ইলিয়াডে আলেকজেন্ডার এতটাই মুগ্ধ হয়েছিলেন যে পরবরর্তীতে সকল যুদ্ধে সাথে করে নিয়ে যেতেন এই মহাকাব্যটিকে।
 
টলেমি, ফিলোটাস, হেফাসটিওন সহ অনেক রাজকীয় ছেলেদের একসঙ্গে শিক্ষা দিতেনঅ্যারিস্টেটল পরে আমরা দেখব বিশ্বজয়ে ছোটবেলার এই বন্ধুদেরও অবদান কম নয় অ্যারিস্টটলের তিন বছর শিক্ষা শেষ হয় আলেকজেন্ডারের বয়স যখন ১৬ বছর এরপর আলেকজান্ডার যোগ দেয় মেসিডোনিয়ার সেনাবাহিনীতে
 

অ্যারিস্টটল তার দুটি বই উৎসর্গ করেছিলেন এই মহান যোদ্ধাকে আর শিক্ষককে নিয়ে আলেকজান্ডারের মুল্যায়ণ হচ্ছে পিতা ফিলিপ আমাকে শুধু জন্ম দিয়েছে আর শিক্ষক অ্যারিস্টেটল আমাকে দিয়েছে সুন্দর জীবন’


(চলবে …..)

 
 
 
 
আলেকজান্ডারের অন্যান্য পর্ব :
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


পারভেজ সেলিম
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