পারভেজ সেলিম ।।
মক্কায় কুরাইশদের অত্যাচারে শেষ পর্যন্ত মদিনায় হিজরত করেন মহানবী। ৬২২ সালের ২১ জুন যাত্রা শুরু করে মদীনায় গিয়ে পৌঁছান ২ রা জুলাই।
সে সময় মদীনায় তিনটি ইহুদি গোত্র বাস করতো। বনু কাইনুকা, বনু নাদির ও বনু কুরাইজা।এছাড়া আরো বেশ কয়েকটি পৌত্তলিক গোত্রের বসবাস ছিল ইসলামের এই পবিত্র শহরটিতে।
তাদের মধ্যে বনু আউস ও বনু খাজরাজের মধ্য সবসময় দ্বন্দ ফ্যাসাদ লেগেই থাকতো। মহানবী সকল গোত্রকে এক করে একটি চুক্তি করেন যাতে মদিনার মানুষ একসাথে শান্তিতে বসবাস করতে পারে। এই চুক্তি ‘মদিনা সনদ’ নামে ইতিহাসে পরিচিত।
ইতিহাস পরিক্রমায় দেখা যায় মুসলমানদের আগমনের পর তিনটি ইহুদি গোত্রই শেষ পর্যন্ত মদিনা থেকে বিতাড়িত হয়েছিলো। মুসলমানদের আগমনের পর কেন এবং কিভাবে ইহুদীরা মদিনা থেকে বিতাড়িত হলেন?
বনু কাইনুকা: মদিনা থেকে বিতাড়িত প্রথম ইহুদী গোত্র
ইসলামের প্রথম যুদ্ধ বদরে মুসলমানেরা জয় লাভ করে কুরাইশদের বিরুদ্ধে। মদিনা ধীরে ধীরে মুসলমানদের প্রধান শহর হয়ে উঠে। মদিনায় তখন অন্যান্য গোত্রের সাথে একত্রে বসবাস মুসলমান ও ইহুদীদের।
একদিন মুসলিম এক নারীকে অসম্মান করাকে কেন্দ্র করে দ্বন্দ শুরু হয় বনু কাইনুকা গোত্রের এক ইহুদীর সাথে। দ্বন্দ শেষ পর্যন্ত হত্যাকান্ডে রুপ নেয়। একজন মুসলমান ও একজন ইহুদী নিহত হয়।
এই নিয়ে ইহুদী মুসলমানদের মধ্যে যুদ্ধ বেধে যায়। ইহুদীরা হেরে গেলে তাদেরকে মদীনা থেকে বের করে দেয়া হয়।
ঘটনার সুত্রপাত্র এক বাজারে।
বনু কাইনুকা গোত্রের মানুষরা ছিল স্বর্নের কারিগর। মুসলমানরা আসার আগে থেকেই ইহুদীরা এই পেশায় জীবন নির্বাহ করতো মদিনায়।
সময়টা ৬২৪ সাল। একদিন এক মুসলিম নারীর সাথে এক ইহুদী দোকানদারের বাক বিতন্ডা শুরু হয়। মুসলমান নারীর মুখের পর্দা সরাতে বলায় তিনি রাজি হননি, এই নিয়ে শুরু হয় কথা কাটাকাটি পরে দ্বন্দ।
ইহুদী দোকানদার সেই নারীর পরিধেয় কাপড় পেরেক দিয়ে আটকিয়ে দেয় একটি চেয়ারের সাথে। মহিলা উঠে যাবার সময় তার কাপড় ছিঁড়ে গিয়ে প্রায় নগ্ন হয়ে পড়েন তিনি।
মুসলমান নারীর এমন অপমান দেখে সেই দোকানদারকে সেখানেই হত্যা করেন এক পথচারি মুসলমান।
এই দেখে কাইনুকা গোত্রের অন্য ইহুদীরা সাথে সাথে সেই মুসলমানকে সেখানেই হত্যা করেন। এই ঘটনা চরম আকার ধারণ করে পরবর্তীতে ইহুদী আর মুসলমানদের মধ্যে যুদ্ধাবস্থা তৈরি হয়।
মুসলমানেরা বনু কাইনুকা গোত্রকে আক্রমণ করে। ১৫ দিন অবোরোধ থাকার পর মুসলমানদের কাছে পরাজয় বরণ করে ইহুদীরা।
মহানবী বনু কাইনুকা গোত্রের সকল ইহুদীকে বন্দি করার নির্দেশ দিলে খাজরাজ গোত্রের নেতা আবদুল্লাহ ইবনে উবাই এগিয়ে আসে। মহানবীকে কাইনুকা গোত্রের ইহুদীদের হত্যা না করার অনুরোধ করেন তিনি। মহানবীর সাথে উবাই এর বিশেষ সখ্যতা ছিল।
তার অনুরোধের প্রেক্ষিতে মহানবী শেষ পর্যন্ত কোন ধরণের শাস্তি প্রদান না করে তিন দিনের মধ্যে মদিনা ছেড়ে যাবার সুযোগ দেন কাইনুকা গোত্রের ইহুদীদের।
মদীনা সনদ অমান্য করার অভিযোগে মদিনা থেকে বিতাড়িত হওয়া প্রথম ইহুদী গোত্র বনু কাইনুকা।
মুসলমানেরা মদিনায় হিজরত করার দুবছরের মধ্যে ৬২৪ সালে প্রথম ইহুদী গোত্র হিসেবে বনু কাইনুকা মদিনা থেকে বিতাড়িত হয়।
বনু নাদির: মহানবীকে হত্যার ইহুদী ষড়যন্ত্রকারী
মহানবীকে হত্যার ষড়যন্ত্রের কথা ফাঁস হয়ে যায় বনু নাদির গোত্রের বিরুদ্ধে। এই বিশ্বাস ভঙ্গের অযুহাতে তাদের দশদিনের মধ্যে মদীনা থেকে চলে যেতে বাধ্য করা হয়।
ইহুদীরা মহানবীর এ নির্দেশ অমান্য করেন। খাজরাজ গোত্রের প্রধান আবদুল্লাহ ইবনে উবাই এর প্ররোচণার মুসলমানদের বিরুদ্ধে যুদ্ধের জন্য প্রস্তুত হয়। পরে যুদ্ধ না করে অবরোধেই পরাজয় বরণ করেন ইহুদীরা। বাধ্য হন নিজের শহর মদীনা ছেড়ে চলে যেতে।
তবে ঘটনার শুরু আরেকটু আগে
সাল ৬২৫ সালের আগস্ট মাস। বনু কিলাব গোত্রের দুইজন ব্যক্তি বিনাদোষে হত্যার শিকার হন মুসলমানদের হাতে। আমর ইবনে দামারী নামের এক মুসলমান এই হত্যাকান্ড ঘটান।
এই নিয়ে মহানবীর মনে দু:খ ছিল। তিনি রক্তপণ বা হত্যার বদলা স্বরুপ ক্ষতিপুরুণ দিতে চেয়েছিলেন বনু কিলাব গোত্রকে।
ইহদী বনু নাদির গোত্রের সাথে এই নিয়ে আলোচনায় বসেন তিনি। কারণ মদীনা সনদ অনুযায়ী হত্যার ক্ষতিপুরুণ মুসলমান ও ইহুদী দুই গোত্র মিলেই বহন করার শর্ত আছে।
সেই আলোচনায় হয়রত আবু বকর (রা.), হয়রত উমর (রা.) ও হয়রত আলী (রা.) সহ মহানবীর ঘনিষ্ঠ সাহাবীরা কয়েকজন উপস্থিত ছিলেন।
সেসময় কাব ইবনে আল আশরাফ ও হুয়াই ইবনে আখতাব ছিল বনু নাদির গোত্রের প্রধান।
মহানবী অন্য সাহাবীদের নিয়ে যখন বনু নাদির গোত্রে যান তখন তারা প্রথমে রক্তপণ দিতে সম্মতি জানালেও পরে তা না দিয়ে মহানবীকে হত্যার পরিকল্পনা করেন।
মহানবীকে যে দেয়ালের পাশে বসতে দিয়েছিল সেখানে উপর থেকে পাথর নিক্ষেপ করে হত্যার ফাঁদ পেতেছিলেন তারা।
মহানবী এ তথ্য জিব্রাইল (আ.) মারফত পেলে, দ্রুত ঐ স্থান ত্যাগ করে মদিনায় চলে আসেন।
সুরা আল হাশর এ এই তথ্য ফাঁস হবার বর্ননা আছে।পরবর্তীতে মহানবীকে হত্যার ষড়যন্ত্রে যুক্ত থাকা এবং মদীনা সনদ ভঙ্গের অপরাধে ইহুদীদের দশদিনের মধ্য মদিনা ত্যাগের নির্দেশ দেন মহানবী।
বনু নাদির সেই শর্ত মেনে নিলেও খাজরাজ গোত্রের প্রধান আবদুল্লাহ ইবনে উবাই তাদের সাহায্যের আশ্বাস দেন। তার প্ররোচনায় ইহুদীরা মুসলমানদের বিরুদ্ধে যুদ্ধে ঘোষণা করেন।
পরে আবদুল্লাহ তাদের সাহায্য করতে অসামর্থ হলে ১৫ দিন অবোরোধ থাকার পর মুসলমানদের কাছে আত্নসমর্পন করতে বাধ্য হয় এবং মদিনা ছেড়ে চলে যেতে রাজি হয়।
মদিনা থেকে বিতাড়িত হওয়া দ্বিতীয় ইহুদি গোত্র বনু নাদির। মহানবীকে হত্যার ষড়যন্ত্রের দায় মাথায় নিয়ে তারা মদিনা ছেড়ে চলে যান।
মদিনায় তখন আর একটি মাত্র ইহুদী গোত্র অবস্থান করছিল সেটি হলো বনু কুরাইজা। শেষ পর্যন্ত এই ইহুদি গোত্রের ভাগ্যও ছিল নির্মম পরিনতি।
বনু কুরাইজা: সকল ইহুদী পুরুষের শিরোচ্ছেদের শাস্তি
সাল ৬২৭ খ্রি.
খন্দকের যুদ্ধ শেষ। মহানবী বাড়িতে ফিরে এসে গোসল করছেন। এমন সময় জিব্রাইল (আ.) এসে বিশ্বাসঘাতক বনু কুরাইজা গোত্রের বিরুদ্ধে ব্যবস্থা গ্রহণ করার পর, অস্ত্র সংবরণ করার পরামর্শ দেন।
মহানবী মুসলমানদের সাথে নিয়ে আসরের নামাজ পড়ার ইচ্ছা প্রকাশ করেন বনু কুরাইজা গোত্রের দুর্গের সামনে গিয়ে।
শেষ পর্যন্ত খন্দকের যুদ্ধে বিশ্বাসঘাতকতা করে কুরাইশদের সাথে হাত মেলানোর অপরাধে বনু কুরাইজার সকল পুরুষকে শিরচ্ছেদ করা হয়। মদিনার শেষ ইহুদী গোত্রের বসবাস।
ঘটনার শুরু যেভাবে।
বদরের যুদ্ধে মুসলমানদের জয়, উহুদের যুদ্ধে পরাজিত না হওয়ায় চারিদিকে মুসলমানদের শত্রুর সংখ্যা বাড়তে থাকে। শুধু কুরাইশরা নয় এবার আরো কয়েকটি গোত্র যুক্ত হয় মুসলমানদের বিরুদ্ধে।
মক্কার কুরাইশ, বনু গাতাফান ও বনু মুররা, বিতাড়িত ইহুদী গোত্র বনু নাদির ও বনু কানুইকা ও মদীনার ইহুদী গোত্র বনু কুরাইজা মিলে এই বিশাল জোট গঠন করা হয়।
এই বাহিনীর মধ্যে কুরাইশরা ছিল ৪০০০, গাতফানরা ছিল ৩০০০ আর বাকি উপজাতি মিলে মোট সৈন্য ছিল ১০ হাজার।
যুদ্ধে মুজাহির আর আনসার মিলে মুসলমান সৈন্য ছিল মাত্র তিন হাজার। প্রতিপক্ষের সৈন্য ছিল মদিনার মোট জনসংখ্যাও এর চাইতেও বেশি ১০ হাজার। আর তাদের ঘোড়া ছিল ৬০০।
খন্দকের যুদ্ধে এক নতুন কৌশল অবলম্বন করে মুসলমানেরা। পরিখা খনন করে কুরাইশের বিশাল বাহিনীকে আটকে দিয়েছিলেন তারা। কোনভাবেই কুরাইশরা সরাসরি মদিনা আক্রমণ করতে পারছিল না।
কোন উপায় না দেখে মদিনার ভিতরে থাকা বনু কুরাইজা গোত্রের ইহুদীদের সাথে হাত মেলায় এবং ষড়যন্ত্রে লিপ্ত হয়। মদীনা আক্রমণ করার সুযোগ করে দেবার আশ্বাস দেয় ইহুদী কুরাইজারা।
যদিও তারা মদিনা সনদ অনুয়ায়ী মুসলমানদের শত্রুদের সাথে হাত মেলাতে পারেনা। তবে শেষ পর্যন্ত বনু কুরাইজারা কুরাইশদের সহযোগিতা বন্ধ করলেও বিশ্বাসভঙ্গের দায়ে অভিযুক্ত হয় তারা।
৪০ দিন অবরোধ থাকার পর মদিনা আক্রমণ করতে না পেরে কুরাইশরা ফিরে যেতে বাধ্য হয়। খন্দকের যুদ্ধে জয় লাভ করে মুসলমানেরা।
যুদ্ধ শেষে মহানবী যখন গোসল করছিলেন তখনই জিব্রাইল (আ.) এর মাধ্যমে বিশ্বাসঘাতক বনু কুরাইজাদের বিরুদ্ধে ব্যবস্থা নেবার নির্দেশনা আসে।
বনু কুরাইজার দূর্গ অবরোধ করলে, ২৫ দিন পর তারা মুসলমানদের কাছে আত্নসমর্পণ করেন।
শাস্তির জন্য আউস গোত্রের প্রধান গোত্রের সাদ ইবনে মুয়াজকে তারা নিজেরাই তাদের নেতা নির্বাচন করেন।
বিশ্বাস ভঙ্গের অভিযোগে সাদ ইবনে মুয়াজ বনু কুরাইজা গোত্রের সকল পুরুষকে শিরোচ্ছেদ করা শাস্তি প্রদান করেন। এই শাস্তি প্রদানে মহানবী সঠিক বিচার হয়েছে বলে মন্তব্য করেছিলেন।
নারী ও শিশুদের মুসলমানদের মধ্য বন্টন করে দেয়া হয়। অতঃপর মদীনার বাজারে একটি পরিখা খনন করে পুরুষ বন্দীদের এক একটি দলকে সেখানে নিয়ে গিয়ে শিরঃচ্ছেদ করা হয়। যাদের সংখ্যা ছয় থেকে সাতশ জন।
ইতিহাসে এমন এক কালো অধ্যায় যার সুদুর প্রসারী প্রভাব পড়ে শান্তির ধর্ম নামে পরিচিত ইসলামের ইমেজে।
এভাবেই মদীনা থেকে তৃতীয় ও শেষ ইহুদী গোত্র বনু কুরাইজা শেষ হয়ে যায়। মদিনা তখন শুধু মুসলমানদের শহর। ইহুদীমুক্ত হয় ইসলামের পবিত্র শহর মদিনা।
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The AAPS sued to gain access to the record of members of the duty power.
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