মে মাসের ১ তারিখ মহান মে দিবস বা আন্তজাতিক শ্রমিক দিবস। প্রতি বছরে মে মাসের ১ তারিখকে একটি বিশেষ দিন হিসেবে পালন করে পৃথিবীর মানুষ। কিন্তু কেন এবং কবে থেকে এই দিনটি পালন শুরু হয় ? আর সবাই বিশেষ মর্যাদায় পালন করলেও কেন আমেরিকা এই দিনটিকে পালন করেনা ? চলুন জেনে আসি মে দিবসের ইতিহাস ।
১ মে আন্তর্জাতিক শ্রমিক দিবস বা মে ডে হিসেবে পালন করছে প্রায় বিশ্বের ৮০টি দেশ। অন্যানা দেশেও এই দিনটিকে পালন কার হয় বেসরকারিভাবে ।
ইতিহাসের দিকে তাকালে দেখা যায় শ্রমিকদের আগে কোন কর্মঘন্টা ছিল না।১২ ঘন্টা বা ১৪ কাজ করলেও শ্রমিকরা পেত না তাদের ন্যায় মুল্য। এ নিয়ে ছিল শ্রমিকদের মধ্যে নানা ছিল না ক্ষোভ আর অসন্তোষ।
১৮৮৬ সালে আমেরিকার শিকাগো শহরে এমনি একটি শ্রমিক সংগঠন, নানান দাবি শ্রমিক ধর্মঘটের ডাক দেন। দৈনিক আট ঘন্টা শ্রম, শ্রমিকদের মুজরি বৃদ্ধি এবং কাজের পরিবেশ উন্নয়নের জন্য শিল্প ধর্মঘট শুরু হয় ১ মে।
কিন্তু কারখানার মালিকেরা এই ধর্মঘটকে স্বাভাবিকভাবে নিতে পারেননি। বর্বর পন্থায় তারা শ্রমিকদের এই ধর্মঘট দমানোর চেষ্টা করেন । আন্দোলন শুরুর দুইদিন পর পুলিশের গুলিতে মৃত্যু হয় ৬ জন শ্রমিকের । তিন তারিখের পুলিশের এই নির্মম হত্যাকান্ডের পর পরের দিন আবারো শ্রমিকরা জড়ো হতে থাকে শিকাগোর হে মার্কেটের সামনে ।
আরো পড়ুন :
৪ মে ১৮৮৬, সন্ধ্যা ৭ টা । অগাস্টে স্পিচ নামের এক নেতা শ্রমিক উদ্দেশে কথা বলছিলেন। হঠাৎ করে একটি বোমা বিস্ফোরণ ঘটে পুলিশদের কাছে । সাথে সাথে সেখানে মারা যান ম্যাথিয়াস ডি রিগান নামের একজন পুলিশ কর্মকর্তা । ধারণা করা হয় শ্রমিকদের দমন করতে মালিকদের পক্ষথেকে এই বোমা বিষ্ফোরণ ঘটানো হয়েছিল । এরপর পুলিশ ও শ্রমিকদের দাঙ্গায় নিহত হয় আরো ১১ জন শ্রমিক।
এই ঘটনার পর পুলিশদের পক্ষ থেকে মিথ্যে অভিযোগ সাজানো হয় শ্রমিদের বিপক্ষে । প্রসনমুলক ভাবে ৮ জন শ্রমিককে দোষী সাবস্থ করা হয় । এর মধ্যে অস্কার নিবে নামে একজনের শুধু ১৫ বছরের কারাদন্ড বাকি সাত জনের দেয়া হয় ফাসিঁ । ফাসির আদেশ কার্যকর হাবার আগে লুইস কিং নামের একজন আত্নহত্যা করেন । আর বাকি ছয় শ্রমিককে ১৮৮৭ সালে ১১ নভেম্বর উম্মুক্ত স্থানে দেয়া হয় ফাঁসি।ফাসিতে ঝোলার আগে শ্রমিক নেতার যা বলেছিলেন তা এখনো শ্রমজীবী মানুষকে উদীপ্ত করে।
মাত্র ৬ বছরের মাথায় ধরা পড়ে এটি ছিল একটি প্রহসন মুলক বিচার । মিথ্যেভাবে সাজানো হয়েছিল অভিযোগ এবং দেয়া হয়েছিল ফাঁসি।
হে মার্কেট হত্যাকান্ডের তিন বছরপর ১৮৮৯ সালের ১৪ জুলাই ফ্রান্সের এক আন্তর্জাতিক সম্মেলনে ১লা মে আর্ন্তজাতিক শ্রমিক দিবস হিসেবে পালন করার সিন্ধান্ত গ্রহণ করা হয় । সেই থেকে পৃথিবীর মানুষ এই দিনটিকে আন্তর্জাতিক শ্রমিক দিবস বা মে দিবস হিসেবে পালন করে আসছে ।
সবচেয়ে মজার ব্যাপার হলো যে দেশে শ্রমিক দিবসের জন্ম সেই আমেরিকাতেই শ্রমিক দিবস সরকারিভাবে পালন করা হয় না। এর কারণ হল হে মার্কেট হত্যাকান্ডের পর আমেরিকার প্রেসিন্ডেন্ট গ্রোভার ক্লেভল্যান্ড মনে করেছিলেন ১ তারিখ সভা সমাবেশ করা তার দেশের জন্য সম্মানজনক হবেনা।
আমেরিকা পালন না করলেও পৃথিবীর মানুষ এই দিনটিকে আন্তর্জাতিক শ্রমিক দিবস হিসেবে পালন করে আসছে। আমাদের পক্ষ থেকে দেশের ও দেশের বাহিরের সকল মেহনতি মানুষকে জানাই মহান মে দিবসের শুভেচ্ছা ।
পারভেজ সেলিম
লেখক , সাংবাদিক ও চলচ্চিত্রকমী
ভিডিও সৌজন্য : BANGLABOX
লেখক, সাংবাদিক এবং চলচ্চিত্রকর্মী ।
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