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বখতিয়ার খলজি ছিলেন বাংলার প্রথম মুসলিম শাসক। ১২০৪ সালে তিনি লক্ষণ সেনকে পরাজিত করে বাংলা জয় করেন। তবে তিনি স্বাধীন শাসক ছিলেন না। দিল্লিতে তখন ক্ষমতায় কুতুবউদ্দীন আইবেক। তার অনুকম্পা নিয়ে তিনি গৌড় রাজ্যও দখল করেন। পরে তার রাজ্যের রাজধানী করেছিলেন লখনৌকে। তিব্বত জয়ের বাসনা অসমাপ্ত থেকে যায় খলজির।তিব্বত জয়ের ব্যর্থতায় তিনি ভেঙ্গে পড়েন, ১২০৬ সালে মৃত্যুবরণ করেন এই ভাগ্যান্বেষী যোদ্ধা। মাত্র দু বছরের মাথায় শেষ হয় বাংলার প্রথম মুসলিম শাসকের শাসন। তার পর কি হয়?
খলজির মৃত্যুর পর :
খলজির মৃত্যুর পরই বাংলার ক্ষমতায় বসেন মোহাম্মদ শীরান খলজি। শীরান খলজি ছিলেন বখতিয়ার খলজির খুব ঘনিষ্ঠ সহযোদ্ধা। খলজির মৃত্যুর সময় তিনি ছিলেন লখনৌতে। মৃত্যুর সংবাদ শুনে দ্রুত চলে আসেন দেবকোটে। আমিরেরা শীরানকেই তাদের নেতা নির্বাচিত করেন।
অনেকে মনে করেন খলজির মৃত্যুতে হাত ছিল তারই এক সময়ের সহযোদ্ধা আলী মর্দানের। ক্ষমতায় বসেই শীরান বন্দি করেন আলী মর্দানকে। কিন্তু ধূর্ত আলী কারাবন্দিকে ঘুষ দিয়ে পালিয়ে যান দিল্লিতে।
কুতুবউদ্দিন আইবেক এই সময় অযোদ্ধার শাসনকর্তা কায়েমাজ রুমিকে নির্দেশ দেন লখণৌ আক্রমনের। ১২০৭ সালে বিনা রুমি বাধায় দখল হয় লখণৌ। শীরান খলজি ক্ষমতায় থাকেন মাত্র এক বছর।
হুসামউদ্দীন ইওজ খলজিকে দেবকোটের শাসনকর্তা নিয়োগ করে রুমী আযোদ্ধায় ফিরে যায় । ১২০৮-১২১০ সাল দুই বছর দিল্লির নির্দেশে বাংলায় চলে ইওজ খলজির শাসন।
এর মাঝে আলী মর্দান দিল্লিতে কুতুবউদ্দীন আইবেককে তার আয়ত্বে নিয়ে আসেন। এরপর সৈন্য সংগ্রহ করে বাংলা দখলে বের হন। ইওজ খলজি দুই বছর শাসনের পরে কোন ধরনের যুদ্ধ ছাড়াই আলী মর্দানের হাতে ক্ষমতা দিয়ে তার পুরাতন জায়গীর গঙ্গাতরীতে ফিরে যান। ক্ষমতায় বসেন আলী মর্দান। বখতিয়ার খলিজকে হত্যার দায়ে অভিযুক্ত ব্যক্তি এবার বাংলায় শাসক।
বাংলার প্রথম স্বাধীন শাসক আলী মর্দান:
১২১০ সালে বাংলা ও গৌড়ের ক্ষমতায় বসেন আলী মর্দান।এই সময় দিল্লিতে মারা যান কুতুবউদ্দীন আইবেক। আর এই সুযোগে আলী মর্দান নিজেকে স্বাধীন শাসক হিসেবে প্রকাশ্য ঘোষণা দেন। দিল্লির সাথে সম্পর্ক ছিন্ন করেন। সেই হিসেবে বাংলার প্রথম স্বাধীন শাসক এই আলী মর্দান। দুই বছরের মধ্যে ১২১২ সালেই শেষ হয় মর্দানের স্বাধীন শাসন।
দ্বিতীয়বার ক্ষমতায় ইওজ খলজি :
স্বাধীনতা ঘোষণার করার পর আলী মর্দান কান্ডজ্ঞান হারিয়ে ফেলেন। প্রজা ও কর্মচারিদের উপর অত্যাচার বাড়িয়ে দেন। মর্দানের অত্যাচারে অতিষ্ঠ হয়ে আমীরগন ইওজ খলজির নেতৃত্ত্বে গোপনে একত্রিত হতে থাকেন। ১২১২ সালে আলী মর্দানকে হত্যা করার পর তাদের নেতা নির্বাচিত হন ইওজ খলজি।দ্বিতীয় বারের মতো বাংলার ক্ষমতায় বসেন ইওজ খলজি।
এর পরের ১৫ বছর ইওজ খলজি বাংলা শাসন করেন। বখতিয়ারের মতোই ইওজ খলজি ভাগ্যান্বেষী যোদ্ধা ছিলেন। খলজির উত্তরাধীকারদের মধ্যে তিনি সবচেয়ে বেশি সময় ক্ষমতায় ছিলেন ইওজ খলজি। দুই দফায় ১৬ বছর ক্ষমতায় থাকেন তিনি। স্বাধীনভাবে বাংলা শাসন করেন ইওজ । এসময় বাংলায় শান্তি বিরাজ করেছিল ।
ইওজ খলজি বিহার দখল করলে দিল্লি সুলতান ভয় পেয়ে যান । তাকে ক্ষমতাচুত্য করা জন্য ১২২৪ সালে বাংলা আক্রমন করেন দিল্লির সুলতান ইলতুতমিশ। সেই আক্রমণে ইওজ খলজি পরাজিত হন এবং ক্ষতিপুরুণ প্রদান করেন। বাংলায় দিল্লির মুদ্রা চালু করতে বাধ্য হন ।
এরপর ইলতুতমিশ চলে গেলে আবার বাংলার স্বাধীনতা ঘোষণা করেন ইওজ খলজি। ১২২৬ দিল্লি আবারো আক্রমন করলে স্বাধীনতা হারায় বাংলা।নিহত হন ইওজ খলজি। শেষ হয় খলজি বংশের ২০ বছরের শাসন। বাংলা আবারো চলে যায় দিল্লির অধীনে।
পারভেজ সেলিম
লেখক, সাংবাদিক ও চলচ্চিত্রকর্মী
আরো পড়ুন :
বখতিয়ার খলজি: বাংলার প্রথম মুসলিম শাসক
বাংলার সবচেয়ে ভয়াবহ দুর্ভিক্ষ (১ম পর্ব)
লেখক, সাংবাদিক এবং চলচ্চিত্রকর্মী ।
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