পারভেজ সেলিম ।।
ইসলামের দ্বিতীয় বড় যুদ্ধটি হলো উহুদের যুদ্ধ। বদর যুদ্ধের পরের বছরই এই যুদ্ধটি হয় মুসলমান ও কুরাইশদের মধ্য। এর প্রধান কারণ বদরের যুদ্ধে পরাজয় মেনে নিতে পারেনি কুরাইশরা। তারা যেকোন ভাবেই মুসলমানদের শায়েস্তা করতে চান, প্রতিশোধ নিতে চান। তাই এবার বিশাল বাহিনী নিয়ে যুদ্ধের প্রস্তুতি শুরু করে বদরের যুদ্ধে পরাজিত কুরাইশরা।
৬২৫ সালের ১১ ই মার্চ যুদ্ধের উদ্দেশ্যে কুরাইশরা মক্কা থেকে রওয়ানা দেয় আর যুদ্ধ হয় ২৩ মার্চ।
এই যুদ্ধে কুরাইশদের নুতন নেতা বা সেনাপতি নির্বাচিত হন আবু সুফিয়ান ইবনে হাবর। আর ঘোড়াসওয়ারি বাহিনীর সেনাপতি হন খালিদ বিন ওয়ালিদ, যিনি পরবর্তীতে ইসলামের শ্রেষ্ঠ যোদ্ধা হয়ে উঠবেন।
১৫ সদস্যের নারীর একটি দল এবারের যুদ্ধে অংশ নেয়। যাদের প্রধান ছিলেন হিন্দা বিনতে উতবা। যিনি ছিলেন আবু সুফিয়ানের স্ত্রী ও বদর যুদ্ধে নিহত উতবা ইবনে রাবিয়ার মেয়ে। কুরাইশরা ধরে নিয়েছিলেন যুদ্ধে নারীরা সাথে থাকলে সৈন্যদের মনোবল চাঙ্গা থাকবে এবং যুদ্ধে জয়ের সর্বোচ্চ চেষ্টা করবে তারা।
যাত্রাপথের ‘আবওযা’ নামক স্থানে কুরাইশ বাহিনী পৌঁছালে মহানবীর মা আমেনার কবর গুঁড়িয়ে দিতে বলেছিলেন। কিন্তু কুরাইশের বাহিনী সেই সাহস করেননি।
এই যুদ্ধে মুসলমানদের সৈন্যসংখ্যা বদরের যুদ্ধের তুলনায় বেশি হলেও কুরাইশদের চেয়ে অনেক কম ছিল, চারভাগের একভাগ।
কুরাইশদের যুদ্ধের প্রস্তুতির খবর যখন মদিনায় পৌছায় তখন মুসলমানদের মধ্যে দুটি ভিন্ন মত দেখা দেখা দেয়। কেউ চায় মদিনায় থেকে শত্রুর মোকাবেলা করতে। কেউ কেউ চায় খোলা প্রান্তরে সরাসরি যুদ্ধ করে ইসলামের জন্য জীবন উৎসর্গ করতে।
আলোচনা শেষে মহানবী শেষ পর্যন্ত মদিনার বাহিরে গিয়ে খোলা প্রান্তরে যুদ্ধ করার পক্ষে মত দেন। উহুদের প্রান্তরে শুরু হয় ইসলামের দ্বিতীয় যুদ্ধ।
মুসলমানেরা ১০০০ জন্য সৈন্য নিয়ে যাত্রা শুরু করলেও পথিমধ্যে আবদুল্লাহ ইবনে উবাহ তার ৩০০ সঙ্গী সহ দল ত্যাগ করেন। ফলে যুদ্ধের দিন মুসলমানদের সংখ্যা দাঁড়ায় ৭০০ জনে। আর কুরাইশদের সৈন্য সংখ্যা ছিল ৩ হাজার।
মুসলমানদের অশ্বারোহী যোদ্ধা ছিলেন ৫০ জন, আর কুরাইশদের ছিল ২০০ জন। এছাড়া কুরাইশদের উট ছিল ৩০০। যুদ্ধে মুসলমানদের কোন উটের খবরই পা্ওয়া যায় না। তবে বর্ম পরিহিত সৈন্য ছিল ১০০ জন আর তীরন্দাজ ছিল ৫০ জন।
৬২৫ সালের ২৩ মার্চ শুরু হয় কুরাইশদের প্রতিশোধের যুদ্ধ ‘উহুদের যুদ্ধ’।
যুদ্ধের দিন :
উহুদের যুদ্ধ একদিনের যুদ্ধ।মহানবী তিনটি দলে ভাগ করেছিলেন মুসলিম বাহিনীকে। মুজাহির, আউস ও খাজরাজ বাহিনী।
প্রথা অনুযায়ী প্রথমে শুরু হয় দ্বন্দ যুদ্ধ।
বদরের যুদ্ধের মতো উহুদ যুদ্ধেও প্রথমে এগিয়ে আসেন হয়রত আলী ও হামজা ইবনে আবু মোত্তালিব। এছাড়া দ্বন্দ যুদ্ধে অংশ নেয় যুবায়ের ইবনুল আওয়াম।
কুরাইশদের পক্ষ থেকে তালহা ইবনে আবি তালহা প্রথম দ্বন্দ যুদ্ধের আহবান করেন।
মুসলমানদের পক্ষ থেকে একক যুদ্ধের জন্য সামনে এগিয়ে আসেন হয়রত আলী (রা.)। হয়রত আলীর অসীম সাহস আর বীরত্বের কাছে পরাজিত হয় তালহা। অল্প কিছুক্ষনের মধ্যেই নিহত হন তিনি।
কারো কারো মতে উহুদের একক যুদ্ধে অংশ নেয়া প্রথম মুসলমান ছিলেন যুবায়ের ইবনুল আওয়াম, তার সাথেই যুদ্ধে নিহত হন তালহা ।
এরপর তালহার ভাই উসমান ইবনে আবি তালহা পড়ে যাওয়া পতাকা তুলতে সামনে এগিয়ে আসেন, এবার হামজা ইবনে মোত্তালিবের হাতে নিহত হন তিনি।
যেহেতু মক্কার পতাকা বহনের দ্বায়িত্ব তালহার পরিবারের উপর ন্যস্ত ছিল তাই একে একে পরিবারের ছয়জন সদস্য যুদ্ধের ময়দানে এগিয়ে আসেন এবং সকলে নিহত হন।
দ্বন্দ যুদ্ধে কুরাইশদের শোচনীয় পরাজয় হলে শুরু হয় দুপক্ষের তুমুল লড়াই।
অল্প সংখ্যক যোদ্ধা নিয়েও অল্প সময়ে যুদ্ধ জয়ের দ্বার প্রান্তে চলে যায় মুসলমানেরা। হয়রত আবু বকর, হয়রত উমর, হয়রত উসমান, হয়রত আলী, হয়রত হামজা এবং মহানবী (সা.) নিজেও চরম সাহসীকতার সাথে যুদ্ধ করেন।
যুদ্ধে কোনঠাসা হয়ে পড়েন কুরাইশরা। একে একে কাপুরুষের মতো পালিয়ে যেতে থাকে ইসলামের শত্রুরা।
যুদ্ধ জয় যখন সময়ে ব্যাপার মাত্র তখনই ঘটে বিপত্তি। জয়ের দ্বার প্রান্ত থেকে হঠাৎ যুদ্ধের মোড় ঘুরে যায়।
মহানবী মুসলমান তীরন্দাজরা সৈন্যদের পরামর্শ দিয়েছিলেন তারা যেন তাদের নির্ধারিত জায়গা থেকে সরে না আসে। যুদ্ধের কৌশল হিসেবে তিনি বুৃঝতে পেরেছিলেন একমাত্র কুরাইশদের ঘোড়াবাহিনীকে আটকাতে পারলেই এই যুদ্ধ জয় সম্ভব। তাই কুরাইশা যাতে পিছন দিক থেকে আক্রমণ করতে না পারে সেজন্য ৫০ জনের একটি তীরন্দাজ দলকে প্রস্তুত রেখেছিলেন। যার নেতৃত্বে ছিলেন আবদুল্লাহ ইবনে যুবায়ের ইবনে নুমান।
‘জাবলে রুমাত’ নামক ছোট পাহাড়ের উপর থাকা সেই তীরন্দাজদের দলটিকে মহানবী কঠোর নির্দেশ দিয়েছিলেন তার যেন কোনভাবেই জায়গা থেকে সরে না আসে। এমনকি যুদ্ধ জয়ের পরেও তারা যেন পাহারা চালিয়ে যান।
কিন্তু মহানবীর এই নির্দেশণা উপেক্ষা করেন তারা। মুসলমানেরা যুদ্ধে জয়ী হয়েছে ভেবে গনিমতের মাল সংগ্রহের জন্য ছুটাছুটি করতে শুরু করেন তারা।
মাত্র নয় জন সৈন্য মহানবীর আদেশ পালন করে সেখানেই দাঁড়িয়ে থাকেন। বাকিরা পাহাড় থেকে নেমে ছুটতে থাকেন যুদ্ধের ময়দানের দিকে। আর এতেই যুদ্ধের চিত্র পুরোটাই উল্টে যায়।
মুসলমানদের এমন বিশৃংখলার সুযোগ গ্রহণ করেন খালিদ বিন ওয়ালিদ। ঘোড়াবাহিনী নিয়ে তিনি যেন এই সুযোগেরই অপেক্ষায় ছিলেন। সুযোগ পাওয়ার সাথে সাথে পিছন দিক থেকে অতর্কিত হামলা চালায় মুসলমানদের উপর।
কিছু বুঝে উঠার আগেই অনেক মুসলমান শহীদ হন। আর পালিয়ে যাওয়া কুরাইশরা আবার ফিরে আসে যুদ্ধের ময়দানে।
দ্বিমুখী আক্রমণে বিপর্যস্ত মুসলমানেরা তবু প্রাণপণ লড়াই চালিয়ে যেতে থাকে।
এমন সময় মহানবীর প্রিয় চাচা, শক্তিশালী যোদ্ধা হামজা ইবনে আবু মোত্তালিবকে দূর থেকে বর্ষা দিয়ে হত্যার চেষ্টা করতে থাকে ওয়াসি নামের এক দাস।
এই ওয়াসি ইবনে হাবর ছিলেন যুবায়ের ইবনে মুতিমের ইথুপিয়ান বংশদ্ভুত দাস।
মুনিব তাকে শর্ত দিয়েছিলেন যুদ্ধে যদি তিনি হামজাকে হত্যা করতে পারেন তবে তাকে মুক্ত করে দেবেন, সাথে দেবেন অনেক সোনা দানা ।
যুদ্ধে ওয়াশিহ শুধুমাত্র হামজাকেই হত্যার উদ্দেশ্য এসেছিলেন। তার নিখুত বর্ষার আঘাতেই মাটিতে লুটিয়ে পড়েন ইসলামের সিংহ নামে পরিচিত হামজা ইবনে আবু মোত্তালিব। উহুদের মাঠে শহীদ হন ইসলামের অন্যন্য সাহসী এক সাহাবী।
চারিদিকে খবর রটে যায় হামজা শহীদ হয়েছেন, সৈন্যদের মনোবল ভেঙ্গে পড়লেও তার যুদ্ধ চালিয়ে যায়।
এমন সময় গুজব রটে যায় মহানবীও শহীদ হয়েছেন। মুসলমান সৈন্যদের মনোবল এবার পুরোপুরি ভেঙ্গে পড়ে। পরে জানা যায় মহানবী শহীদ নয় এসময় তিনি আহত হন, তার একটি দাঁত ভেঙ্গে গেয়েছিল।
এসময় একের পর এক তীর এসে যখন মুসলমানদের শরীর বিধে যাচ্ছিল।
তীরের আঘাত থেকে মহানবীকে রক্ষা করতে মানব ঢাল হিসবে দাঁড়িয়ে যায় সাহাবীরা। নিজের জীবনের বিনিময়ে রক্ষা করে প্রান প্রিয় মহানবীকে।
শেষ পর্যন্ত মহানবীর নির্দেশে যুদ্ধের ময়দান ছেড়ে উহুদ পাহড়ে অবস্থান নেয় ।
মুসলমানদের এমন পিছু হটাকে নিজের জয় হিসেবে ধরে নেয় কুরাইশরা।
তবে পাহাড় ডিঙ্গিয়ে আর সামনে এগুতে সাহস করেন না। এসময় কুরাইশ নেতা আবু সুফিয়ানের সাথে মুসলমানদের উত্তপ্ত বাক্য বিনিময় হয় ।
এরপর তারা মক্কায় ফিরে যায় কুরাইশরা। মুসলমানেরা ফিরে যায় মদিনা। শেষ হয় ইসলামের দ্বিতীয় যুদ্ধ উহুদের যুদ্ধ।
যুদ্ধের ফলাফল :
যুদ্ধের ফলাফল নিয়ে বিতর্ক আছে। কারো মতে এই যুদ্ধ কুরাইশরা জয় লাভ করেছিল, মুসলমানেরা পরাজিত হয়েছিল। কারো কারো মতে যুদ্ধের ফলাফল অমীমাংসিত ছিল। তবে ক্ষয়ক্ষতি সবচেয়ে বেশি হয়েছিল মুসলমানদের। উহুদ যুদ্ধে ৭০ জন মুসলমান শহীদ হয়েছিলেন আর কুরাইশদের নিহত হয়েছিল ২২/৩৭ জন।
যুদ্ধ শেষে :
যুদ্ধ শেষে আবু সুফিয়ানের স্ত্রী হিন্দা ইবনে উতবাসহ অন্যান্য কুরাইশরা এক নৃশংস ঘটনার জন্ম দেয়।
নিহত হামজার বুক চিরে কলিজা বের করে চিবিয়ে খেয়েছিলেন হিন্দা। এছাড়া অন্যনা শহীদের নাক, কান কেটে কানের দুল বানিয়ে পরেছিলেন নারীরা। উহুদের ময়দানে শহীদ মুসলমানদের সাথে কুরাইশরা যে নির্মমতা দেখিয়েছিলেন তা ইতিহাসে বিরল।
মুসলমানদের উপর এমন নৃশংসতার মধ্যে দিয়ে কুশরাইশরা তাদের নির্মম আক্রোশ আর ক্রোধের বহি:প্রকাশ ঘটেয়েছিলেন।
যদিও দ্বিতীয় যুদ্ধে জয়ী হতে পারেনা মুসলমানেরা। আর কুরাইশরা ও এত বড় বাহিনী নিয়ে মুসলমানদের পুরোপুরি পরাজিত করতে পারেনি, তাতেই মুসলমানদের সুনাম ও প্রভাব বাড়তে থাকে চারিদিকে। অন্যদিকে ইসলামের শত্রুদের মধ্যে বাড়তে থাাকে শংকা তারা একত্রিত হতে থাকে।
পরের দুই বছর বড় কোন যুদ্ধ হয় না। এসময় কুরাইশদের সাথে আরবের আরো কয়েকটি গোত্র, বেদুইন ও ইহুদীরা যুক্ত হয় মুসলমানদের বিরোধিতায়। মুসলিম বিরোধিতায় গঠিত হয় বিশাল এক জোট।
দুবছর পর আবার শুরু হয় যুদ্ধ, ‘খন্দকের যুদ্ধ’। ইসলামের তৃতীয় যুদ্ধ। সময়টা ৬২৭ সাল। আরবী পঞ্চম হিজরির শাওয়াল মাস।
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