বিজন মনু ।
সূর্য ও পৃথিবীর মাঝখানে চাঁদ যখন এমনভাবে এসে পড়ে যে, সূর্য চাঁদ দিয়ে পুরোপুরি অথবা আংশিকভাবে ঢেকে যায় তাকে বলে সূর্যগ্রহণ । এভাবে চাঁদ ও পৃথিবীর মাঝখানে যখন সূর্য চলে আসে তখন তাকে বলে চন্দ্রগ্রহণ। বছরে কয়েক বার এই সূর্যগ্রহণ এবং চন্দ্রগ্রহণ হয় ।
২৬ ডিসেম্বর, ২০১৯ এ হবে বছরের শেষ সূর্যগ্রহণ । এবারের সূর্যগ্রহণ হবে খুবই বিরল সূর্যগ্রহণ । ১৭২ বছর পর এমন সূর্যগ্রহণ দেখবে পৃথিবীর মানুষ। চাঁদ সূর্যকে সম্পূর্ণ ঢেকে দিতে পারবে না মানে আংশিক সূর্যগ্রহণ কিন্তু সূর্য চাঁদ দিয়ে এমনভাবে ঢেকে যাবে এর চারদিকে একটি আগুনের বলয় তৈরী হবে যাকে বিজ্ঞানীরা বলছে রিং অফ ফায়ার বা আগুনের আংটি। বাংলাদেশ সময় ৯ টা ১ মিনিটে শুরু হবে এবং বেশি ভালো সূর্যগ্রহণ দেখা যাবে ১০ টা ২৮ মিনিটে । সংযুক্ত আরব আমিরাত থেকেই সবচেয়ে ভালোভাবে এবারের সূর্যগ্রহণ দেখা যাবে ।
সূর্যগ্রহণ খালি চোখে কতটা ক্ষতিকর :
সাধারন দিনগুলোতে আমরা খালি চোখে সূর্যের দিকে তাকাতে পারিনা কারন সূর্যের এতটা উজ্জলতা চোখ নিতে পারেনা কিন্তু সূর্যগ্রহণের সময় সূর্যের তেজ খুব কম থাকে বলে আমরা সরাসরি সূর্যের দিকে তাকিয়ে ফেলতে পারি। কিন্তু তাকিয়ে থাকলে আপনার অজান্তেই সূর্যের অতিবেগুনি রশ্মি চোখের বড়ক্ষতি করতে পারে । খালি চোখে আংশিক সূর্যগ্রহণ দেখলে চোখে নানা সমস্যা দেখা দিতে পারে এমনকি চোখ পুরোপুরি নষ্ট হয়েও যেতে পারে ।
আমরা যা দেখি তার সংকেত মগজে পাঠায় রেটিনায় থাকা কিছু সেল । সূর্যের অতি বেগুনি রশ্মি কোন ধরনের ব্যাথা ছাড়াই সাময়িক কিংবা স্থায়ীভাবে রেটিনার এ সব সেলকে ধ্বংস করে দিতে পারে ।
আরো পড়ুন :
সূর্যগ্রহণের সময় তাকলে চোখে যে সমস্যা দেখা দেয় তাকে বলে ‘গ্রহণ অন্ধত্ব’। এসময় চোখের রেটিনা জ্বলে যেতে পারে যাকে বলে “সোলার রেটিনোপ্যাথি’। সূর্য রশ্মির কারনে রেটিনার সেল ক্ষতিগ্রস্থ হতে পারে এমনকি পুরোপুরি ধ্বংস হয়ে যেতে পারে। এর ফলে যে কেউ দৃষ্টিশক্তি হারাতে পারে, ঝাপসা দেখতে পারে অথবা রং এর ভিন্নতা দেখা দিতে পারে। এরকম কিছু দেখা দিলে সাথে সাথে ডাক্তারের পরামর্শ গ্রহণ করা দরকার ।
কিভাবে সূর্যগ্রহণ দেখবেন :
একমাত্র পূর্ণ সূর্যগ্রহণের সময় খালি চোখে সুর্যগ্রহণ দেখা নিরাপদ, যখন চাঁদ পুরোপুরিভাবে সূর্যকে ঢেকে দেয়। কিন্তু আংশিক সূর্যগ্রহণ কখনোই খালি চোখে দেখা নিরাপদ নয়। এমনকি পূর্ণ সূর্যগ্রহণও খালি চোখে দেখা অনিরাপদ কারন এটি খুবই অল্প সময় ধরে হয়, খালি চোখে সূর্যগ্রহণে তাকিয়ে থাকার সময় হঠাৎ যখন চাঁদ সরে গিয়ে রশ্মি বের হয়ে আসে তা চোখের মারাত্বকভাবে ক্ষতি করে দিতে পারে ।
শুধুমাত্র সূর্যগ্রহণ দেখার জন্য বিশেষভাবে তৈরি চশমা দিয়ে আপনি এটি দেখতে পারেন অথবা পিনহোল পদ্ধতিতে সূর্যের ছায়া মাটিতে বা কাগজে ফেলে এই সূর্যগ্রহণ দেখতে পারেন নিশ্চিন্তে ।
সূর্যগ্রহণ যেভাবে দেখবেন না :
স্মার্টফোনে সূর্যগ্রহণ দেখবেন না এতে ফোনের ক্যামেরা ও আপনার চোখ দুটোই নষ্ট হতে পারে। অন্য যেকোন ক্যামেরার ফিউফাইন্ডার দিয়ে সূর্যগ্রহণ দেখাও মারাত্বক ঝুঁকিপূর্ণ কাজ । যেকোন ফিল্টার বা কালো চশমা দিয়ে সূর্যগ্রহণ দেখাও ঝুঁকিপুর্ণ ।
বিশেষ ভাবে তৈরি চশমা বা ফিল্টার ছাড়া যেকোন কিছুর মধ্যে দিয়ে সূর্যগ্রহণ দেখা অনিরাপদ । সাধারন কালো চশমা, এক্সরে পেপার কিংবা রঙ্গিন কাঁচ কোনটাই নিরাপদ নয় এই সূর্যগ্রহণ দেখার জন্য । সূর্যগ্রহণ দেখা উপভোগ করতে চাইলে অবশ্যই বিশেষভাবে তৈরি চশমা ব্যবহার করুন ।
বিজয় মনু ।
তথ্যসুত্র : প্রিভেন্ট ব্লাইন্ডনেস
আমরা আলোর দেশে টিমের একজন সদস্য । আমাদের ‘মননে মগজে বাংলা’
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