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‘আল কুরআন’ ইসলাম ধর্মের একটি পবিত্র গ্রন্থ। আরবী ভাষার সবচেয়ে নিখুঁত গ্রন্থ বলে গন্য করা হয় এই বইটিকে। পরবর্তীতে এই কুরআনের ভাষার উপর ভিত্তি করে আরবী ব্যাকরণ তৈরী হয়েছে। চৌদ্দশত বছর ধরে এই বইটি যত আলোচনা-সমালোচনা, বিশ্বাস -অবিশ্বাস নিয়ে তুমুলভাবে টিকে আছে, তা পৃথিবীতে আর কোন গ্রন্থের বেলায় ঘটেনি। তাই আমার কাছে কুরআন একটি বিষ্ময়কর বই!
ইসলাম ধর্মে বিশ্বাসীরা মনে করেন এই বই এ সৃষ্টিকর্তা নিজেই মানব জীবনের সকল সমস্যার সমাধান দিয়ে দিয়েছেন। এটি মানুষের পূর্ণাঙ্গ জীবন বিধান বলেই তাদের বিশ্বাস।
এখন প্রশ্ন হচ্ছে কি আছে এই কুরআন এ ? কিভাবে মানুষের হাতে এল এই গ্রন্থ? অথবা এটি কি শুধুই একটি ধর্মীয় গ্রন্থ? নাকি একটি অসাধারন বই হিসেবেও এর গুরুত্ব আছে ?
ইতিহাস বলছে’ কুরআন এর প্রথম আয়াতটি নাজিল হয় ৬০৯ সালের ২২ ডিসেম্বর। যখন মুহাম্মদ (সা.) এর বয়স ৪০ বছর এবং এর শেষ আয়াতটি অবতীর্ণ হয় ৬৩২ সালে যে বছর ইসলাম ধর্মের শেষ নবী মারা যান ।
বিশ্বাসীদের মত, দীর্ঘ ২৩ বছর ধরে আল্লাহর ফেরেশতা জিব্রাইল মৌখিকভাবে মুহাম্মাদ (সা.) এর কাছে এটি পৌঁছে দেন। যেখানে সুরা আছে ১১৪ টি আর আয়াত বা পক্তি আছে ৬৬৬৬ টি ।
কুরআনের ভাষা আরবি এবং এটি পৃথিবীর একমাত্র ধর্মীয় গ্রন্থ যা ১৪০০ বছর ধরে অপরিবর্তীত আছে এবং ভবিষ্যতেও থাকবে বলে বিশ্বাস করেন মুসলমানরা । এর কারণ কুরআনের ১৫ নম্বর সুরা, সুরা আল হিজরে আল্লাহ নিজেই বলছেন ; আমি স্বয়ং এ উপদেশগ্রন্থ অবতরণ করেছি এবং আমি নিজেই এর সংরক্ষক’ ।
কুরআন আজকের অবস্থানে আসল কিভাবে :
মুহাম্মদ (সা.) এর জীবনদশায় প্রথম কুরআন লিখে রাখার কাজ শুরু হয়। কিন্তু তখন সব আয়াত একত্রিত করা ছিল না। হাফেজদের মুখস্থই ছিল একমাত্র ভরসা। প্রথম খলিফার আমলে ইয়েমামার যুদ্ধে ৭০ জন হাফেজ মারা যান। তখন কুরআন সংরক্ষনের শংকা দেয়।
প্রথম খলিফা আবু বক্কর তখন মুহাম্মাদ (সা.) এর সময়কার লেখক যায়েদ ইবনে সাবেতকে দায়িত্ব দেন কুরআন লিপিবদ্ধ করার। তার হাত দিয়ে প্রথম লিখিত কুরআনের তৈরি হয় !! আবু বক্কর (রা.)
মৃত্যুর পর উমর (রা.) হাতে ঘুরে কুরআন এর মুল কপিটি মুহাম্মাদ (সা.) এর স্ত্রী হাফছার নিকট গচ্ছিত থাকে ।
কুরাআনের উচ্চারণ জটিলতা :
ততৃীয় খলিফার আমলে ইসলামে আরও ব্যাপক প্রসারের ফলে বিভিন্ন দেশের ভাষাভাষি মধ্যে কুরআনের উচ্চারন নিয়ে জটিলতা দেখা দেয়। এই জটিলতা কমাতে হিজরী ২৪ সালে তৃতীয় খলিফা উসমান (আ.) শেষ বারের মতো কুরআন সংকলনের সিদ্ধান্ত গ্রহণ করেন।
চারজনের একটি কমিটি শুধু কুরাইশি উচ্চারণ ও ভাষায় কুরআন লিখে তার ৭টি প্রতিলিপি তৈরি করেন এবং তা বিভিন্ন দেশে সংরক্ষনের জন্য পাঠানো হয় । পরে বিভ্রান্তি এড়ানোর জন্য ঐ সাত কপি কুরআন ফিরিয়ে এনে ধ্বংস করা হয় । শুধু রাজধানী মদিনায় একটি মাত্র কুরআন এর মুল কপি রাখা হয়। আজ আমার যে কুরআন পড়ছি সেটা এই আরবী ভাষার কুরাইশি উচ্চারনের প্রতিলিপি। এই কুরআন সংরক্ষনের পুরো কাজটি করেছেন তৃতীয় খলিফা হয়রত উসমান (আ.)। এজন্য তাকে বলা হয় ‘কুরআন সংরক্ষনকারী’।
কুরআন সর্বপ্রথম ‘সালমান আল ফারসী’ নামের এক সাহাবী সুরা ফাতিহাকে ফার্সি ভাষায় অনুবাদ করেন। এর মধ্যে দিয়ে কুরআন অনুবাদের সুচনা হয়। বাংলায় কুরআন প্রথম অনুবাদ করেন গিরিশ চন্দ্র সেন। এরপর আরো অনেকে অনুবাদ করছেন। বিচারপতি হাবিবুর রহমানের অনুবাদটিও এখন বেশ জনপ্রিয়।
কি আছে এই বিষ্ময়কর বইটিতে তা জানা প্রয়োজন। শুধু ধর্মীয় বই বলে নয়, অন্যান্য পাঠ্য বই
এর মতো বুঝে পড়ে জানা দরকার কি শক্তিতে টিকে আছে এই কুরআন এ !
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