পারভেজ সেলিম ।।
ভুমিকা :
মুখতার আল সাকাফি। ইসলামের এক অন্যন্য ব্যক্তিত্ব। কারো কাছে তিনি নায়ক কারো কাছে তিনি প্রতিশোধ পরায়ণ ব্যক্তি। কারবালা যুদ্ধের প্রতিশোধ নিতে তিনি কুফার ক্ষমতায় বসেছিলেন ৬৮৫ সালের অক্টোবর মাসে। মাত্র ১৮ মাসের ক্ষমতায় সীমার ও ওবায়দুল্লাহ সহ কারবালা হত্যাকান্ডে অভিযুক্ত প্রায় সকলকেই হত্যা করেছিলেন তিনি। মুসলিম শিয়াদের কাছে মুখতার একজন অসামান্য জনপ্রিয় ও সম্মানিত ব্যক্তির নাম।
জন্ম ও বেড়ে ওঠা :
মুসলমানেরা যে বছর মক্কা থেকে মদীনায় হিজরত করে সেই ৬২২ সালে তায়েফে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন মুখতার আল সাকাফী। মহানবীর মৃত্যুর সময় মুখতার দশ বছরের বালক। ইসলামের জয় যখন চারিদিকে ছড়িয়ে পড়ছিল সেসময় দ্বিতীয় খলিফা উমর ইরাকের রণক্ষেত্রে পাঠানমুখতারের পিতা আবু উবায়েদকে। ৬৩৪ সালের ‘সেতুযুদ্ধে’ নিহত হন তিনি। মাত্র ১২ বছর বয়সে ইসলামে জন্য পিতৃহারা হন মুখতার। এরপর ইরাক মুসলমানদের দখলে আসে। কুফায় থেকে যান মুখতার। চাচা সাদ ইবনে মাসুদের নিকট বড় হতে থাকেন।
কারবালা যুদ্ধের সময় :
৬৮০ সালে যখন কারবালার হত্যাকান্ড ঘটে তখন মুখতারের বয়স ৫৮ বছর। তার মাত্র ছয় মাস আগে ইয়াজিদ যখন ক্ষমতা গ্রহণ করে তখন মুখতার ছিলেন কুফায়। ইয়াজিদের খিলাফতকে অস্বীকার করায় কুফার জনগন ইমাম হোসেনের পক্ষে বায়াত নেয়ার প্রতিশ্রুতি দিয়েছিল। যদিও পরে কুফাবাসী সেই প্রতিশ্রুতি ভঙ্গ করেছিল।
মুখতার সেসময় ইমাম হোসাইনকে চিঠি দিয়ে জানিয়েছিলেন তিনি যেন কুফায় চলে আসেন। ইমাম হোসাইন তখন তার চাচাতো ভাই ওকিলকে কুফায় পাঠিয়েছিলেন পরিস্থিতি পর্যবেক্ষনের জন্য। ওকিল তখন কুফায় মুখতারের বাড়িতে ছিলেন। কুফায় সেসময় উমাইয়া গভর্নর ছিলেন উবাইদুল্লাহ ইবনে জিয়াদ।
জিয়াদের নির্দেশে ওকিলকে হত্যা করা হয়। বন্দি করা হয় মুখতারকে। এরপর অক্টোবরে ১০ তারিখে কারবালায় নির্মমভাবে হত্যা করা হয় মহানবীর প্রিয় নাতি ইমাম হোসাইন ও তার ৭২ জন সঙ্গীকে। মুখতার তখন কুফার বন্দিশালায় বন্দি।
কারবালা যুদ্ধ শেষে ইয়াজিদের অত্যাচার আরো বাড়তে থাকে। মদীনা ও মক্কায় বিদ্রোহ হয় এই অমানবিক হত্যার প্রতিবাদে। ইয়াজিদ এবার মদিনা আক্রমণ করেন । মক্কা তখন আবদুল্লাহ ইবনে যুবায়েরের নেতৃত্বে।
মুখতার কুফার জেল থেকে মুক্ত হন দ্বিতীয় খলিফা উমরের ছেলে আব্দুল্লাহ সহযোগীতায়। মুখতারের সাথে আব্দুল্লাহর পারিবারিক সম্পর্ক ছিল। আবদুল্লাহর স্ত্রী সোফিয়া হলেন মুখতারের ছোট বোন ।
এরপর মক্কায় ফিরে আসেন মুখতার। ইবনে যুবায়েরের সাথে তখন সখ্যতা বাড়তে থাকে তার। প্রথমে দ্বিমত থাকলেও পরে ইবনে যুবায়ের তাকে খেলাফতের উচ্চ পদ প্রদান করেন।
ইয়াজিদের মৃত্যুর পাঁচ মাসের মাথায় কুফায় ফিরে কারবালা হত্যাকান্ডের প্রতিশোধ নেয়ার পক্ষে জনমত গড়তে থাকেন তিনি। সেখানে আগে থেকেই ‘ হরকাতুন তাওয়াবিন’ বা ‘তওবাকারিদের আন্দোলন’ নামের এই বিপ্লবের নেতৃত্ব দিচ্ছিলেন সুলায়মান ইবনে সুরাদ নামের এক সাহাবী। যারা কারবালায় মহানবীর বংশের এমন নির্মম হত্যাকান্ডের জন্য নিজেদেরকে দায়ী মনে করতেন। মুখতার তাদের এই আন্দোলনকে নিজের পক্ষে জনমত গঠনের কাজে ব্যবহার করেন। কুফায় জনপ্রিয় হয়ে উঠতে থাকেন মুখতার আল সাকাফি।
এরপর পরিস্থিত দ্রুত পরিবর্তন হতে শুরু করে। আব্দুল্লাহ ইবনে ইয়াজিদকে গভর্নর করে কুফায় পাঠান ইবনে যুবায়ের। ক্ষমতায় বসেই বিপ্লবী কর্মকান্ডে ভীত হয়ে মুখতারকে গ্রেফতার করে তিনি। শর্তসাপেক্ষে আবারো জেল থেকে বের করে আনেন আব্দুলাহ ইবনে উমর। এরপর আব্দুল্লাহ ইবনে মুতিকে কুফার নতুন গর্ভনর করলে, তাকে হটিয়ে কুফার ক্ষমতার পুরো নিয়ন্ত্রণ নিয়ে নেয় মুখতার আল সাকাফি।
যখন কুফার ক্ষমতায় :
৬৮৫ সালের ১৮ অক্টোবরে কুফার ক্ষমতা দখল করেন মুখতার আল সাকাফি। কারবালায় ইমাম হোসেনসহ অন্যান্য শহীদদের হত্যার প্রতিশোধ নেয়ার প্রতিশ্রুতি দিয়ে ক্ষমতায় বসেন তিনি।
ক্ষমতায় বসার এক বছরের মধ্যে কুফার প্রাক্তন গর্ভনর উরায়দুল্লাহ ইবনে জিয়াদ, ইমাম হোসেনের গলায় ছুরি চালানো শিমারসহ অসংখ্য মানুষকে হত্যা করেন।
কাকতালীয়ভাবে কারবালা হত্যাকান্ডের ঠিক ৬ বছর পর একইদিনে কারবালার প্রান্তরেই হত্যা করা হয় উবায়দুল্লাহ ইবনে জিয়াদকে। দিনটি ছিল ১০ই মহররম, ১০ ই অক্টোবর ৬৮৬।
এরপর তুমুল জনপ্রিয়তাকে কাজে মুখতার আলীয় খেলাফত নামে নুতুন এক খেলাফতের ঘোষণা দেন। ইমাম হোসেনের সৎ ভাই, খলিফা আলীর আরেক পুত্র মোহাম্মদ ইবনে আল হানাফিয়াকে ইমাম মাহাদী ঘোষণা করেন মুখতার। এই নিয়ে মুসলমানদের মধ্যে শুরু হয় নতুন বিতর্ক।
ইয়াজিদের মৃত্যুর পর মুখতারের সাথে ইবনে জুবায়েরের যে সখ্যতা তৈরি হয়েছিল, ধীরে ধীরে তা কমতে শুরু করে। এক সময়ের সুসম্পর্ক ধীরে ধীরে শত্রুতায় রুপ নেয় ।
মুখতারের মৃত্যু :
সাকাফির প্রতি বিশ্বাস হারতে শুরু করে ইবনে জুবায়ের। শেষে মুখতারকে নিয়ন্ত্রণ করতে ভাই মাসহাবকে কুফায় প্রেরণ করতে বাধ্য হন জুবায়ের। তার সৈন্য বাহিনীর বেশীর ভাগ অংশই ছিল মুখতারের শাস্তি থেকে বাঁচতে মক্কায় পালিয়ে আসা অভিজাত বংশের লোক।
এরপর চারমাস অবরোধ থাকার পর ৬৮৭ সালের ৩রা এপ্রিল ১৯ জন সঙ্গী সহ মাসহাবের বাহিনীর নিকট প্রাণ হারান মুখতার আল সাকাফি। ১৯ জন ছাড়া বাকি ৬ হাজার সৈন্য মুখতার পক্ষে যুদ্ধ করতে অস্বীকৃতি জানিয়েছিল। পরে মাসহাবের বাহিনী আত্নসমর্পনকারী সেই ছয় হাজার সৈন্যের সবাইকে হত্যা করেছিল। ইতিহাসে এটি বর্বোরোচিত হত্যাকান্ড হিসেবে বিবেচিত হয়। মাত্র ১৮ মাস ক্ষমতায় ছিলেন কুফার এই বিপ্লবী নেতা।
উপসংহার :
সাকাফির কারবালা হত্যাকান্ডের প্রতিশোধের ধারণা সুদুর প্রসারি প্রভাব ফেলে মুসলমানদের মনে। বিশেষ করে শিয়া মুসলমানদের কাছে খুবই গুরুত্বপূর্ন ব্যক্তি হয়ে ওঠেন মুখতার আল সাকাফি। তার অনুসারিরা পরবর্তীতে কায়সানিয় নামের একটি স্বতন্ত্র শিয়া সম্প্রদায় গড়ে তুলেছিলেন। আব্বাসীয় খিলাফতে মুখতারের প্রভাব ছিল অনেক বেশি ।
তবে কিছু মুসলমান মুখতারকে একজন ক্ষমতালোভি ও প্রতিশোধ পরায়ন ব্যক্তি হিসবে মনে করেন। জনপ্রিয়তা অর্জন ও ক্ষমতায় বসার জন্য তিনি ইমাম হোসাইনকে হত্যাকারিদের ঘোষণা দিয়ে হত্যা করেছিলেন বলে অনেকে বিশ্বাস করেন।
আধুনিক ইতিহাসবিদ হিউ কেনডির মতে, মুখতার ছিলেন একজন বিপ্লবী, যিনি কুফায় একটি ঐক্যবদ্ধ জোট করতে চেয়েছিলেন, কিন্তু তিনি অভ্যন্তরীন কোন্দলের শিকার হন । আলীর পরিবারও তাকে সহযোগীতা করেননি ।
ঐতিহাসিক ওয়েল হাউসেন মনে করেন ইসলামের ইতিহাসে অন্যতম শ্রেষ্ট ব্যক্তি মুখতার, যিনি ভবিষ্যৎ সম্পর্কে পুর্বানুমান করতে পেরেছিলেন।
মুখতারকে নিয়ে বির্তকের উত্তর তিনি মৃত্যর আগে নিজেই দিয়ে গিয়েছিলেন।
বলেছিলেন, তিনি আরবদের একজন। রাসুলের পরিবারের রক্তের প্রতিশোধ তিনি নিয়েছেন যখন অন্য ক্ষমতাবান আরবরা বিষযটিকে অবহেলা করেছে। মৃত্যুর আগ মুহুর্তে মুখতার বলেছিলেন ‘যারা রাসুলের পরিবারের রক্ত ঝরিয়েছে আমি তাদের প্রত্যেককে হত্যা করেছি, আজকের দিনের আগ পর্যন্ত আমি তাই করছিলাম।’
যতদিন কারবালা আর ইমাম হোসাইন মানুষের মনে বেদনার জন্ম দেবে ততদিন মুখতার আল সাকাফি একজন সাহসী যোদ্ধা এবং আদর্শের প্রতীক হয়ে বেঁচে থাকবেন সাধারন মুসলমানের মনে।
পারভেজ সেলিম
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